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Neuroscience
is a field of study that study the structure, function, development, genetics,
biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system.
The nervous system consists of the myriad nerve pathways running throughout the body.
The NeuroScience also study of human behavior and learning
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Human brain development
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Neuroscience began in Egypt during the late Middle Kingdom period. In that process the brain was regularly removed to prepare the mummification. At this time the heart that was assumed to be the seat of intelligence.
The study of the human brain is an interdisciplinary field that involves from the neurons (cellular) to larger nervous subsystems like like the eye, or or the cerebellum.
The cognitive neuroscience appears as a high level discipline that try to understanding the science behind the mind and consciousness.
Neuroscience includes topics as:
the operation of neurotransmitters
the genetical contribution in the embryo and throughout life
the biological mechanisms used for learning and moving
the operation of neural structures of other organisms
the functioning of neural circuits in perceiving, remembering, and speaking.
"Neuroscience" refers to all the fields that study the nervous system.
In some sense, psychology is a sub-field of neuroscience,
although some mind/body theorists argue that the definition goes the other way.
One of the largest related fields which shares many features of both psychology and neuroscience is neuropsychopharmacology.
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Neuroscience Fields
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Neurobiology, which aims to study cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate behavior.
Molecular and cellular neuroscience, which integrate neurobiology with neurochemistry with the goal of understanding the cellular and chemical mechanisms of normal and abnormal brain function.
Developmental neuroscience, which studies how the ectodermally-derived central nervous system and mesodermally-derived peripheral nervous system develops into adulthood. Developmental neuroscience uses many different animal models, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , zebrafish Danio rerio, Xenopus laevis tadpoles, and the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.
Cognitive neuroscience, which aims to understand the mechanisms that underlie "higher level" brain functions, usually in humans. These include language, learning and memory, attention, and emotion.
Computational and systems neuroscience, which seek to understand how information is processed by the nervous system. The methods of research combine mathematical and computational models with physiological recordings of single cells, neuronal clusters, and entire brain systems.
Behavioral Neuroscience, which assesses the neural underpinnings of a vast array of behaviors, from primate saccadic eye movements to the complex foraging behavior of bees.
Sensory Neuroscience, which attempts to understand how sensory areas of the brain represent information from the outside world.
Neurology, which is the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system.
Neurobiology of disease: This field, directly aligned with medical research, is interested in understanding diseases associated with the nervous system.
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Neuroscience Links
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Neuroscience The Cellular Components of the Nervous System
Neuroscience. 2nd ed. by Purves et al (online textbook)
Nature Reviews Neuroscience Journal
Neuroscience for Kids
NeuroWiki, a wiki website for Neuroscience related topics. All content (unless explicitly proclaimed otherwise) is published to the public domain thus can be relocated to the Wikipedia.
Dana.org for information about brain research, immunology and arts education
Neuroscience Methods and Techniques
Brain Development
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/dev.html
Cocaine Stunts Brain Development in Men
Computing and the Brain
Development of the Nervous System
Embryological Development of the Human Brain
FASlink
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas/default.htm
The Fetal and Young Child Nervous System: The Story of the Development and Maldevelopment of the Brain
Fetal Nicotine or Cocaine Exposure: Which One is Worse?
Gestation and Human Development
Immune System Molecule Plays Essential Role in Brain Development
Neuronal Migration
http://web.sfn.org/content/Publications/BrainBriefings/neuron.html#fullsize
Neuron Migration and Brain Disorders
http://www.sfn.org/content/Publications/BrainBriefings/neuron.html New Study Finds Babies Cry in the Womb "Even the Bottom Lip Quivers"
http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/aug/05082606.html The Notochord
http://www.bartleby.com/107/8.html Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Affects Forebrain Development
Skeletal development in human: a model for the study of developmental genes
Visual Development
Visual Development
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